# Mathimaa ## Posts - [🧠 Day 10: Stored Procedures, Triggers, Normalization & More in SQL](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%a7%a0-day-10-stored-procedures-triggers-normalization-more-in-sql/): 🧠 Day 10: Stored Procedures, Triggers, Normalization & More in SQL ⚙️ What is a Stored Procedure? A Stored Procedure is a set of SQL statements that are stored in the database and can be reused whenever needed. It helps improve performance, reusability, and security. 📘 Definition:A stored procedure is a precompiled collection of one or more SQL statements that can accept input parameters, return output parameters, or both. 🧩 Key Features Can accept input and return output parameters Allows code reuse Reduces network traffic Improves security and performance 🧱 Syntax CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name @parameter datatype AS BEGIN SQL_Query END; … - [🧠 Day 9: Mastering SQL Subqueries & CTE (Common Table Expressions)](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%a7%a0-day-9-mastering-sql-subqueries-cte-common-table-expressions/): 🧠 Day 9: Mastering SQL Subqueries & CTE (Common Table Expressions) 🔍 What is a Subquery? A subquery is a query written inside another query.It helps to fetch results dynamically based on conditions derived from another query. 📘 Definition:A query within another query is called a Subquery. 📂 Types of Subqueries Type Description 1️⃣ Single Row Subquery Returns a single column and single value. 2️⃣ Multiple Column Subquery Returns multiple columns from a table. 3️⃣ Inline View Subquery A subquery written inside the FROM clause. 4️⃣ Scalar Subquery A subquery written inside the SELECT clause. 5️⃣ Nested Subquery A subquery … - [🧠 Day 8 – Views, Analytical Functions & Set Operators in SQL](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%a7%a0-day-8-views-analytical-functions-set-operators-in-sql/): 🧠 Day 8 – Views, Analytical Functions & Set Operators in SQL 🪟 Views in SQL A view is a virtual table that stores only the SQL query, not the actual data.When the base (master) table data changes — the view reflects it automatically (except in Materialized Views). 🧩 Types of Views 1️⃣ Simple View Created from a simple SQL query (single table, no joins). Example: CREATE VIEW v_100 AS SELECT * FROM employees; 2️⃣ Complex View Created using joins, group functions, or multiple tables. Example: CREATE VIEW v_200 AS SELECT e.employee_id, d.department_name FROM employees e INNER JOIN departments d … - [🧩 Day 7 — SQL JOINS](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%a7%a9-day-7-sql-joins/): 🧩 Day 7 — SQL JOINS 🔹 What is a Join? A Join is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. 🔸 Types of Joins Join Type Description Result 1. INNER JOIN Returns only the matching records from both tables. Common rows only 2. LEFT OUTER JOIN Returns all records from left table, and matched rows from right table. All left + matched right 3. RIGHT OUTER JOIN Returns all records from right table, and matched rows from left table. All right + matched left 4. FULL OUTER JOIN Returns all … - [🧠 Day 6: SQL Constraints and Table Modification Commands](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%a7%a0-day-6-sql-constraints-and-table-modification-commands/): 🧠 Day 6: SQL Constraints and Table Modification Commands ⚙️ SQL Command Categories Recap Let’s quickly recall the main types of SQL commands: Category Full Form Purpose DDL Data Definition Language Defines and modifies database structure DML Data Manipulation Language Handles data (Insert, Update, Delete) TCL Transaction Control Language Manages database transactions DQL Data Query Language Retrieves data from tables 🏗️ 1️⃣ DDL Commands – Structure Definition Command Purpose CREATE Creates a new table or database ALTER Adds or modifies columns RENAME Changes table name TRUNCATE Deletes all data but keeps structure DROP Deletes table with structure 🔹 Syntax: CREATE … - [🧠 Day 5: SQL Commands, Data Types, and Table Operations (DDL, DML, TCL, DQL)](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%a7%a0-day-5-sql-commands-data-types-and-table-operations-ddl-dml-tcl-dql/): 🧠 Day 5: SQL Commands, Data Types, and Table Operations (DDL, DML, TCL, DQL) 🏗️ SQL Command Categories SQL commands are grouped based on their purpose: Type Full Form Purpose DDL Data Definition Language Defines and manages database structure DML Data Manipulation Language Handles data inside tables TCL Transaction Control Language Manages transactions and data integrity DQL Data Query Language Retrieves data from tables ⚙️ 1️⃣ DDL – Data Definition Language Used to define or change table structure. Command Description CREATE Creates new tables or databases ALTER Modifies existing table structure RENAME Changes table name TRUNCATE Removes all records but … - [🧠 Day 4: SQL Aggregate, Alias, and Date Functions Explained](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%a7%a0-day-4-sql-aggregate-alias-and-date-functions-explained/): 🧠 Day 4: SQL Aggregate, Alias, and Date Functions Explained 📊 Aggregate Functions Aggregate functions perform calculations on multiple rows and return a single summarized result. SUM() – Returns the total of all numeric values. AVG() – Returns the average value. MIN() – Returns the smallest value. MAX() – Returns the largest value. COUNT() – Counts all non-null values (includes duplicates). COUNT(DISTINCT) – Counts only unique non-null values (excludes duplicates). 🧩 Example: SELECT SUM(salary) AS Total_Salary FROM employees; SELECT AVG(salary) AS Average_Salary FROM employees; SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees; SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees; SELECT COUNT(salary) AS TotalSalaryCount FROM employees; SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT … - [🗓️ Day 3: SQL Number & Null Functions](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%97%93%ef%b8%8f-day-3-sql-number-null-functions/): 🗓️ Day 3: SQL Number & Null Functions Welcome to Day 3 of your SQL learning series!In this session, we’ll explore Number Functions and Null Functions — two important categories that help us handle numeric values and missing data effectively in SQL. 🔢 Number Functions in SQL Number functions allow you to perform mathematical operations on numeric data.Let’s look at some of the most commonly used ones. 1. ROUND() Purpose: Rounds a number to the nearest integer or specified decimal place. Logic: If the next decimal is ≥ 5 → rounds up If the next decimal is < 5 → … - [🗓️ Day 2: SQL Query Execution Order, Operators & String Functions](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%97%93%ef%b8%8f-day-2-sql-query-execution-order-operators-string-functions/): 🗓️ Day 2: SQL Query Execution Order, Operators & String Functions Welcome back to Day 2 of your SQL learning journey!In this lesson, we’ll explore how SQL queries are executed step by step, and we’ll dive into some powerful operators and string functions used in real-world queries. ⚙️ Order of SQL Query Execution Understanding the order in which SQL executes your commands helps you write efficient and correct queries. Step Clause Description 1 FROM Specifies the table(s) to query data from 2 WHERE Filters rows based on conditions 3 GROUP BY Groups rows with similar values 4 HAVING Filters results … - [🗓️ Day 1: Introduction to SQL and Databases](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%97%93%ef%b8%8f-day-1-introduction-to-sql-and-databases/): 🗓️ Day 1: Introduction to SQL and Databases Welcome to Day 1 of your SQL learning journey!Today, we’ll explore the basics — what data is, what a database does, and how SQL helps us manage data efficiently. 📊 What is Data? Data is simply a collection of information.Example: Names, phone numbers, employee records, sales reports — all are data. 💬 What is SQL (Structured Query Language)? SQL stands for Structured Query Language.It is a language used to communicate with databases — to store, retrieve, and manage data. 🗄️ What is a Database (DB)? A Database is a structured place where … - [Day 15: Power View in Power BI – Filters, Interactions, and Visual Enhancements](https://mathimaa.com/day-15-power-view-in-power-bi-filters-interactions-and-visual-enhancements/): Day 15: Power View in Power BI – Filters, Interactions, and Visual Enhancements On Day 15, we explore Power View features in Power BI, focusing on filters, slicers, and advanced visualization techniques to make reports more interactive and user-friendly. 1. Filters in Power BI Filters allow you to control which data is displayed in your reports. Power BI provides three types of filters: 1.1 Visual Level Filter Applies to a single visualization only. Use it to restrict data in a specific chart or table without affecting others. Example: Filtering a bar chart to show sales for a single region. 1.2 … - [Day 14: Advanced DAX Calculations – Filter & Time Intelligence Functions in Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-14-advanced-dax-calculations-filter-time-intelligence-functions-in-power-bi/): Day 14: Advanced DAX Calculations – Filter & Time Intelligence Functions in Power BI On Day 14, we dive into advanced DAX calculations, focusing on filter functions and time intelligence functions. These functions are essential for dynamic reporting, comparison, and analysis over time. 1. Filter Functions Filter functions in DAX help control which rows are considered in calculations, giving flexibility in defining context. 1.1 ALL() Purpose: Ignores both internal and external filters on a selected column or table. Syntax: Measure = ALL([TableNameOrColumnName], [ColumnName1], ...) Use Case: Returns all rows in a table or all values in a column, ignoring applied … - [Day 13: Logical, Information, and Filter Functions in Power BI DAX](https://mathimaa.com/day-13-logical-information-and-filter-functions-in-power-bi-dax/): Day 13: Logical, Information, and Filter Functions in Power BI DAX On Day 13, we explore logical functions, information functions, and filter functions in DAX. These functions allow you to perform conditional calculations, validate data, and apply advanced filtering for precise analysis. 1. Logical Functions Logical functions help you implement conditional logic in DAX formulas. SWITCH() – Evaluates an expression against multiple values and returns a result based on the first match. IF() – Performs an IF-ELSE condition. AND() – Checks if multiple conditions are true simultaneously. OR() – Checks if at least one condition is true. TRUE/FALSE() – Returns … - [Day 12: Text, Date & Time Functions and Creating Tables in Power BI DAX](https://mathimaa.com/day-12-text-date-time-functions-and-creating-tables-in-power-bi-dax/): Day 12: Text, Date & Time Functions and Creating Tables in Power BI DAX On Day 12, we explore DAX text functions, date & time functions, and how to create new tables for reporting and analysis. These functions are essential for transforming and enriching your dataset. 1. Text Functions DAX provides several functions to manipulate text data efficiently: UPPER() – Converts a string to uppercase. LOWER() – Converts a string to lowercase. LEFT() – Extracts a specified number of characters from the left side of a string. RIGHT() – Extracts characters from the right side of a string. MID() – … - [Day 11: Counting Functions in DAX – Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-11-counting-functions-in-dax-power-bi/): Day 11: Counting Functions in DAX – Power BI On Day 11, we focus on DAX counting functions, which are essential for analyzing datasets and generating meaningful insights. Understanding the differences between these functions ensures accurate calculations in reports and dashboards. 1. COUNT Functions Overview DAX provides several functions to count data depending on your requirements. These include: COUNT() – Counts numeric, text, and date values. Skips blanks. Does not support Boolean values. COUNTA() – Counts numbers, text, dates, and Boolean values. Skips blanks. COUNTBLANK() – Counts only blank values in a column. DISTINCTCOUNT() – Counts unique values, treating null … - [Day 10: DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) in Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-10-dax-data-analysis-expressions-in-power-bi/): Day 10: DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) in Power BI On Day 10, we explore DAX (Data Analysis Expressions), the powerful formula language in Power BI used for data cleaning, calculations, and creating new insights. With DAX, you can build measures, calculated columns, and calculated tables to meet complex business requirements. 1. Introduction to DAX DAX is used for cleaning, transforming, and performing calculations on existing data. With DAX, you can create: Measures / Quick Measures / Calculated Measures Columns / Quick Columns / Calculated Columns New Tables / Calculated Tables Note: Power BI contains over 1,500 DAX functions for various … - [Day 9: Cardinality, Relationships, and Cross Filter Direction in Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-9-cardinality-relationships-and-cross-filter-direction-in-power-bi/): Day 9: Cardinality, Relationships, and Cross Filter Direction in Power BI On Day 9, we dive deeper into Power Pivot relationships, focusing on cardinality types, relationship types, and cross filter directions—all crucial for building accurate data models in Power BI. 1. Cardinality Types Cardinality defines how data in one table relates to data in another table. One-to-One (1:1) Each unique record in the left table matches exactly one unique record in the right table. One-to-Many (1:*) Each unique record in the left table can match multiple records in the right table. Many-to-One (*:1) Multiple records in the left table correspond … - [Day 8: Power Pivot – Data Modeling in Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-8-power-pivot-data-modeling-in-power-bi/): Day 8: Power Pivot – Data Modeling in Power BI On Day 8, we dive into Power Pivot, which is essential for data modeling in Power BI. Data modeling allows you to define relationships between tables, enabling complex analysis and reporting. 1. Building Relationships In Power Pivot, you can create virtual relationships between tables using a common column. You can create N number of relationships between tables. Only one relationship can be active at a time; the others remain inactive but can be used in calculations with DAX functions. 2. Types of Tables Understanding different table types is crucial for … - [Day 7: Power Query Editor – M Language and Advanced Tools in Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-7-power-query-editor-m-language-and-advanced-tools-in-power-bi/): Day 7: Power Query Editor – M Language and Advanced Tools in Power BI On Day 7, we explore M Language (Mashup Language), the advanced editor in Power Query, along with useful tools, views, and parameters that make data transformation more flexible and reusable. 1. M Language (Mashup Language) M Language is a functional programming language used in Power Query to perform data transformation and automation. It is often called M Code. Key Features and Usage Functional language: Focused on defining “what to do” rather than “how to do it” step by step. Programming language: You can write complex scripts … - [Day 6: Merge and Append Queries in Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-6-merge-and-append-queries-in-power-bi/): Day 6: Merge and Append Queries in Power BI On Day 6, we explore two crucial Power Query operations: Merge Queries and Append Queries. These allow you to combine data from multiple tables efficiently—either column-wise or row-wise. 1. Merge Queries Merge Queries is used when you need to combine data from two tables based on a common column. This is similar to performing a join in SQL. It’s a column-wise operation, meaning rows are combined based on matching values in one or more columns. Types of Joins Power BI offers 7 types of joins: Inner Join – Fetches only the … - [Day 5: Power Query Editor – Transforming Data & Managing Columns in Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-5-power-query-editor-transforming-data-managing-columns-in-power-bi/): Day 5: Power Query Editor – Transforming Data & Managing Columns in Power BI On Day 5, we focus on transforming data and understanding how to manage and manipulate columns efficiently in Power Query Editor. These operations help ensure your dataset is structured, clean, and ready for meaningful analysis. 1. Transform vs Add Column Understanding the difference between these two is crucial for effective data handling: Transform – Changes are applied directly to the existing column. For example, if you convert a text column to uppercase using a transform operation, the original column itself is updated. Add Column – Creates … - [Day 4: Power Query Editor – E.T.L (Extract, Transform, Load) & Data Cleaning in Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/day-4-power-query-editor-e-t-l-extract-transform-load-data-cleaning-in-power-bi/): Day 4: Power Query Editor – E.T.L (Extract, Transform, Load) & Data Cleaning in Power BI Power BI is a powerful tool for transforming raw data into meaningful insights. Today, we focus on Power Query Editor, the heart of the ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process. This is where data cleaning, transformation, and preparation happen, making your datasets ready for analysis. 1. Text Transformation Cleaning and transforming text is crucial for consistent data. Power Query provides a variety of formatting options: Format options: lowercase – Converts all text to lowercase UPPERCASE – Converts all text to uppercase Capitalize Each Word – … - [Day 3 – Power BI Components and Power Query Editor (ETL Process)](https://mathimaa.com/118-2/): ⚙️ Day 3 – Power BI Components and Power Query Editor (ETL Process) Introduction On Day 3 of our Power BI Learning Series, we’ll explore the core components of Power BI and take a deep dive into the first and most important one — the Power Query Editor, which handles data cleaning and transformation (ETL: Extract, Transform, Load). 🔹 Components of Power BI Power BI is built on five key components, each serving a unique purpose in the data analysis process. Component Function Power Query Editor Data Cleaning – ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) Power Pivot Data Modeling Power View Report … - [📊 Day 2 – Understanding Power BI Panes, Views, Components & Data Connections](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%93%8a-day-2-understanding-power-bi-panes-views-components-data-connections/): 📊 Day 2 – Understanding Power BI Panes, Views, Components & Data Connections Introduction On Day 2 of our Power BI learning series, we’ll explore the different panes, views, and components that make up Power BI Desktop. We’ll also understand the types of data connections used to bring data into Power BI for analysis and reporting. 🔹 Power BI Panes Power BI provides several panes that help users work efficiently with data, visuals, and filters. Fields Pane / Data Pane – Displays all available tables, columns, and measures. Visualization Pane / Build Pane – Contains all chart types and formatting … - [🧠 Day 1 – Introduction to Power BI and Business Intelligence](https://mathimaa.com/%f0%9f%a7%a0-day-1-introduction-to-power-bi-and-business-intelligence/): 🧠 Day 1 – Introduction to Power BI and Business Intelligence What Is Data? Data is simply the collection of information that can be used to generate insights, make decisions, and improve business performance. What Is Power BI? Power BI is one of the most popular Business Intelligence (BI) tools developed by Microsoft. It helps organizations convert raw data into meaningful visuals such as graphs, charts, and dashboards for better understanding and decision-making. Understanding Business Intelligence (BI) Business Intelligence refers to the process of transforming raw data into interactive visual reports that help businesses analyze their performance and make informed … ## Pages - [SQL](https://mathimaa.com/sql/) - [Power BI](https://mathimaa.com/power-bi/) - [Terms & Conditions](https://mathimaa.com/terms-conditions/): 📄 Terms & Conditions Welcome to Mathimaa.com. These Terms and Conditions outline the rules and regulations for using our website. By accessing this site, you accept and agree to comply with these terms. If you do not agree, please do not use the site. 🔹 1. Use of the Website 🔹 2. Intellectual Property All content on Mathimaa.com — including text, graphics, tutorials, blog posts, and logos — is the intellectual property of Mathimaa.com unless otherwise stated. You may: 🔹 3. Blog Content & Educational Use The content provided on this website is for educational and informational purposes only. 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